Analysis Of Alan Patons Cry The Beloved Country - 847 Words

Reverend Stephen Kumalo, the protagonist of Alan Paton’s novel Cry, the Beloved Country, lives in the countryside of Ndotsheni. The countryside is in drought, over-farmed, and the land is dying. Despite all this, it is still representative of home and peace to the characters in the novel. It is the home of traditions and old trivial rules. However, a consistent theme it brings is young people leaving for the city, and therefore bringing new messages to South Africa as a whole. The novel presents a struggle between nature, man, and industrialization, thus causing conflict between what the countryside represents and what the city represents. The countryside acts in direct opposition to the industrialized Johannesburg and stands for idyllic†¦show more content†¦And some of the children are there in the church being confirmed, and after a while they too will go away, for the soil cannot keep them anymore (Paton 293). Due to the drought that plagues Ndotsheni because of ov er farming and not enough rain, the land is no longer as strong as it once was. The soil, representing tradition, â€Å"kept† those who lived in the countryside there. Following custom and religion, the confirmed children would usually stay in the area where they are from. However, because the soil â€Å"cannot keep them anymore,† these children â€Å"will go away† to the cities. In South Africa, the imperfections of the tradition-bound countryside drive the younger generation to leave for cities like Johannesburg. While things in the countryside are imperfect and harrowing because of the drought, the want that the people there have for a better life brings hope to them. The younger generation that leaves for the city represents the want for a better life that those who still live in Ndotsheni see in themselves. Notably, the novel concludes with Paton reflecting on the future saying, â€Å"Ndotsheni is still in darkness, but the light will come there also. For it is dawn that has come, as it has come for a thousand centuries, never failing. But when that dawnShow MoreRelatedAnalysis Of Alan Patons Cry, The Beloved Country962 Words   |  4 Pagesbut not doing anything to try and fix it will ultimately not solve the issue of racial division. In the novel, Cry, the Beloved Country, by Alan Paton, a wise man named Msimangu, and Arthur Jarvis, a well-respected activist, are characters that seek an end to the racial divide in the country of South Africa. Msimangu and Arthur Jarvis each uniquely se ek an end to division in their country through teaching hope and working for justice. Msimangu teaches Stephen Kumalo about his hope for South AfricaRead MoreJames Jarvis806 Words   |  4 PagesJames Jarvis In Alan Paton’s Cry, the Beloved Country there is two protagonists, Reverend Stephen Kumalo, and James Jarvis. Both characters play significant roles to the story but James Jarvis’ situation is noteworthy and inspirational. James is an influential, dynamic character because his opinion dramatically changes upon reading his son’s manuscript. A series of events influences James to shift his mindset into the mindset of his son. An analysis on James Jarvis’ changing mindset revealsRead MoreAnalysis Of Orson Scott Card s The Great Pattern 1676 Words   |  7 Pageswhat resonates with the contemporary writer is essential in determining whether the focus of aspiring writers should be imitating Fielding’s ‘writers of antiquity’, embracing the ‘great pattern’, or on more recent works. For the purpose of this analysis I will be considering works written within the last twenty years ‘recent’, whilst analysing what wr iters gain, or lose, from fiction written longer ago. Some themes in literature are forever relevant to the human condition. George Orwell’s Nineteen

The Role of Fire in Romantic and Family Love on Reading...

There are two integral pieces of love in Virgils epic Aeneid: the romantic, lustful love (as felt by Dido for Aeneas) and the grounded, honest, family love (as felt between Aeneas and Anchises). There is a dynamic relationship between the two sides of love which causes each to emphasize the other Ââ€" an emphasis that is facilitated by Virgils common use of fire and flame imagery to describe both types of love. Upon analyzing the lustful episode between Dido and Aeneas and the image of Aeneas fleeing troy bearing his father, Anchises, on his back and holding his sons hand (beautifully sculpted by Bernini, see attached), it becomes clear that the love in each situation is very different, despite the common use of the Latin†¦show more content†¦/ The inward fire eats the soft marrow awayÂ… (IV. 92-93) Here, the inward fire most likely refers to Didos longing desire, as bestowed in her by Cupid, to pursue Aeneas. However, because their love will be consummated sexually, this desire could literally be a sense of physical arousal. As Aeneas tells Dido of his destiny to sail for Italy not of [his] own free will, (IV.499) he begs Dido to release him from the pain that their love causes. So please, no more / Of these appeals that set us both afire. (IV.497-498) Literally, he begs for it to end. He begs for the fire to be put out and the romantic, lustful love to cease. As Aeneas leaves, Dido is overcome with a maddened fire. From far away I shall come after you / With my black fires, and when cold death has parted / Body from soul I shall be everywhere / A shade to haunt you! (IV.533-536) Dido is now consumed by her own inward fire and it causes her to pledge to haunt Aeneas with black fire, a sign of pure evil. She vows that Aeneas will pay for this, (IV.536). Noting the transformation from the use of inward fire as a medium for desire to a more hysterical, crazed type of passion is essential in understanding the ultimate failure of romantic and lustful love in the Aeneid. Finally, as Dido unleashes her own inward fire allShow MoreRelatedThe Aeneid Is An Epic Poem2328 Words   |  10 PagesINTRO The Aeneid is an epic poem that tells the story of a Trojan hero, Aeneas who had to flee from his home as the Greeks were destroying it. Aeneas and his men travel across the sea in search of Italy where they are destined to build the Roman Empire. During his journey Aeneas will come up against many obstacles through the works of divine intervention. The epic poem written by Virgil in 29-19BC has many lasting influence of the classical world on other cultures across time like art, literature

How Did Eleanor Roosevelt’s Personal Life Relate to Her...

Eleanor Roosevelt was born on the 11th of October 1884 and went on to be one of the most symbolic characters in the history of the United States. She was the eyes and ears of her husband Franklin D. Roosevelt and not only participated in but revolutionized her role as the First lady of America. It is important to understand that the momentous achievements Eleanor Roosevelt accomplished in her lifetime were based on the personal experiences and hardships she had to overcome throughout her life. Anna Eleanor Roosevelt was born into one of the most prosperous families in New York of her time; however her childhood was anything but prosperous. Eleanor Roosevelt’s mother died when she was eight and her father died from alcohol just two years†¦show more content†¦Roosevelt. They were married â€Å"at the home of one of Eleanor’s relatives on Manhattan’s Upper East Side, and the bride was escorted down the aisle by then-President Theodore Roosevelt†. (http://www.history.com/topics/eleanor-roosevelt) Eleanor and Franklin Roosevelt had 6 children together and five of them lived until adulthood. In 1913 when Franklin D. Roosevelt got a job as the assistant secretary of the U.S navy, Eleanor, who was never a fan of parties and drinking, did more public work and became a very important member of the American Red cross, a benevolent organization designed to help the people in need and provide education. Eleanor Roosevelt’s choice in becoming an active member in the Red Cross proved to be a huge benefit because she helped many soldiers recover during World War Two and perhaps was one of the reasons America succeeded in that war. Eleanor Roosevelt who had already done so much for her country and the people in need faced yet another shocking problem in 1918.In 1918, Eleanor Roosevelt found out about her husband’s affair with her own social secretary, Lucy Mercer Rutherfurd, this dismayed Eleanor and she wanted to get a

How Can The Conscience Have A Moral Pattern - 2070 Words

We have a conscience. Basically, if we do what is good, we feel well. If we do what is bad, we feel bad. There is no way to deny this truth. The conscience itself bring us to something, I mean, help us to conclude about actions or words that we have done/said. I wonder, and I would like to ask you this first question, how can the conscience have a moral pattern? From where it comes the outline, concerning what is right or wrong? Intuitively, I believe that we all know the answer. All people, in their inmost been, know it. Still, the majority just despise it and keep trying to appease their own minds. People are discouraged to change, being taught to make up their minds instead. In the view of that, many people avoid the act of stopping†¦show more content†¦I strongly disagree with this affirmation, given the fact that is a false statement itself. I like to think about it by this very simple illustration (I have repeated this for many years). If a doctor says to a patient, â€Å"You have cancer!†, and the patient just try to flee from this reality assuming not to be true, he will never be healed, and will consequently die. His acceptance of the fact will not change the fact itself. This is obvious as two and two is four. Concerning our relationship with God is pretty much the same. He is trying to talk with humanity every day. Denying an absolute truth will not change the destiny of mankind. Unless people listen to his words, accepting his peace, love and life - for all that God offers is good - changing their lives in a realistic way, the world will suffer the consequences of its own bad deeds, dying without hope. It is not God who will puni sh them, it is people themselves who decide for keeping in disobedience. C.S Lewis said it best when he wrote, â€Å"There are only two kinds of people in the end: those who say to God, ‘Thy will be done,’ and those to whom God says, in the end, ‘Thy will be done’.† God is kindly talking to help us decide. The word of God is the third way we have to know him. The nature, the conscience, and his word. Jesus said, â€Å"If anyone hears my words and does not keep them, I do not judge him; for I did not come to judge the world but to save the world. The one who rejects me and does not receive my wordsShow MoreRelatedThe Formula Of Universal Law Of The Categorical Imperative1322 Words   |  6 Pages1. What is, according to Kant, the only kind of motive for action that has genuine moral worth? According to Kant, the act from duty is the only kind of motive for actions that has moral grounds. This shows someone determination towards act on any circumstances. This act from duty is to do right things for specific reason, in this matter motive plays a key role. Motives which lead humanity have more standing rather than selfish motive or self-agenda. 2. State the Formula of Universal Law of theRead MoreEssay about Conscience Created versus Innate1429 Words   |  6 PagesConscience Created versus Innate To what extent do you think you are dictated by your surroundings and your up-bringing? Do you claim your opinions to be your own? Do you trust your logic and your conscience? These are questions that are seldom asked by ourselves or by others. In fact, these kinds of questions could almost be considered taboo. It seems to be generally accepted that one can trust oneself, one’s authority, and one’s conscience. Upon these premises we seem to build up everythingRead MoreMoral Development - Lawrence Kohlberg1407 Words   |  6 PagesKohlbergs Moral Development Lawrence Kohlberg grew up in Bronxville, New York and attended handover Academy in Massachusetts. This is an academically demanding private high school. He did not go straight to college but instead went to help the Israeli cause, serving as the second engineer on an old freighter carrying European refugees through British blockades to Israel. After this Kohlberg enrolled at the University of Chicago where he scored so high on admission test that he only had toRead MoreSymbolism that Represents the Theme of Corruption in Shakespeares MacBeth1043 Words   |  5 Pagesin William Shakespeares Macbeth. Throughout the play there are several main symbols repeatedly used to emphasize this theme. The contrast of light and dark representing good and evil, blood representing guilt, murder, and pain, and the archetypal pattern of purification by using water represents removal of guilt, cleansing and peace. Symbolism is used repeatedly to emphasize the theme of corruption of power. Blood is an important image and plays out through Macbeth. The murders that Macbeth hadRead MoreConcealed and Confessed Guilt in The Scarlet Letter and Macbeth557 Words   |  3 PagesArthur Dimmesdale. In Macbeth the readers sees an obvious guilt in the main character, Macbeth. When one does wrong, the common reaction is to hide it and pretend as if nothing happened. Because of the human conscience it is difficult to completely forget about a wrongdoing. Through our conscience guilt is built up and eventually that guilt shatters enough barriers and in turn causes the doer to admit his/her wrong. Hester Prynne has a fairly unconventional approach to her â€Å"sin.† She does not feelRead More Symbolism In Macbeth1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe theme of corruption of power. Throughout the play there are several main symbols repeatedly used to emphasize this theme. The contrast of light and dark representing good and evil, blood representing guilt, murder, and pain, and the archetypal pattern of purification by using water represents removal of guilt, cleansing and peace. Symbolism is used repeatedly to emphasize the theme of corruption of power. The image of blood plays an important role throughout Macbeth. Blood represents the murdersRead More Gay, Lesbian and Bisexual Issues - Same-Sex Marriage and the Destruction of American Culture1433 Words   |  6 PagesSame-Sex Marriage and the Destruction of American Culture      Ã‚  Ã‚   The late 20th century disintegration of marriage is epoch-defining and hazardous to moral health. The question of legally recognizing same-sex marriage - thrust upon us by recent court decisions - culminates this disintegration.    There are many reasons why the ills of marriage are so pivotal. Marriage is the principle of sexual morality. Immoral sexual acts are often wrong for other reasons, too, such as the injusticeRead More Kohlbergs Moral Development Essay1467 Words   |  6 PagesKohlberg’s Moral Development   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Lawrence Kohlberg was born in Bronxville, New York on October 25, 1927. He was born into a wealthy family and enjoyed all of the luxuries that the rich lifestyle had to offer including the finest college prep schools. However, Kohlberg was not too concerned with this lifestyle. Instead he became a sailor with the merchant marines. During World War II, Kohlberg played an instrumental role in smuggling Jews through a British blockade in Palestine. It was duringRead MoreMorality And Happiness By Robert C. Solomon, Clancy Martin And Kathleen M. Higgins1703 Words   |  7 Pagespeople say that â€Å"any good moral rule should promote the greatest happiness for the greatest number† (447). I believe that this statement is true. Morality is necessary for happiness because every person has someone in this world that they truly care about. We all care about someone and we do not want to hurt them. When we see their happiness, it makes us truly happy. On the other ha nd, when we do something immoral it really does hurt us and others. I believe that we all have a sense of regret afterRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1508 Words   |  7 Pagesworld and about him- than anything a book or society could offer. Eventually Jim becomes a loving father-figure to Huck. He was not educated, but is wise beyond book-learning. Twain wrote Huck Finn in the late 1870s and early 1880s. This book should have been a sequel to Tom Sawyer; however, Twain told his editor that â€Å"He rather needed a profane, less cultured, uneducated, powerless, natural and honest twelve-year-old boy to make him observe society and criticize it†. (Nyirubugara 6) Twain uses satire

The definition of Reinforcement Free Essays

While the writer of this article gives the definition of reinforcement and some of the measures that would ensure there is reinforcement, she fails to answer the question initially asked. The author would have started by giving some of the common characteristics of effective reinforcers such as individualism, personalized, frequent, immediate, varied and random. It is after this that she would have looked at some of the effective types of reinforcers. We will write a custom essay sample on The definition of Reinforcement or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, she does analyze some few types of reinforces such as recognition, appreciation and praise which according to Burden, (2010), are applicable at places of work and in schools. In addition, she fails to list the ten sample classroom reinforces such as allowing students to participate in different activities, rewarding them for good performance, and praising them in case they make extra ordinary performances in classroom. Response to Moriah The answer by Moriah has a good start where it defines the term reinforcement as defined in the textbook. She goes ahead and explains how we can apply this in real life as teacher. This gives us a good base as it helps us in understanding what reinforcers are and how we can make use of them. According to Burden, (2010), there is a difference between reinforcers and incentives. An incentive is a promise to do something in case the other person achieves a set target. This second answer offers an explanation, which helps us to understand the difference between an incentive and reinforcement. This second answer also offers a list of the ten samples of reinforcers in a classroom. All the samples are reinforcers and this is a clear indication that the author of the article fully understands the difference between reinforcement and incentives. However, even though the author of the article has offered a good explanation of the term reinforcement, she fails to give the characteristics of effective reinforcers, which would assist in better understanding. References Burden, R. (2010). Classroom Management: Creating a Successful K-12 Learning Community. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. How to cite The definition of Reinforcement, Papers

The definition of Reinforcement Free Essays

While the writer of this article gives the definition of reinforcement and some of the measures that would ensure there is reinforcement, she fails to answer the question initially asked. The author would have started by giving some of the common characteristics of effective reinforcers such as individualism, personalized, frequent, immediate, varied and random. It is after this that she would have looked at some of the effective types of reinforcers. We will write a custom essay sample on The definition of Reinforcement or any similar topic only for you Order Now However, she does analyze some few types of reinforces such as recognition, appreciation and praise which according to Burden, (2010), are applicable at places of work and in schools. In addition, she fails to list the ten sample classroom reinforces such as allowing students to participate in different activities, rewarding them for good performance, and praising them in case they make extra ordinary performances in classroom. Response to Moriah The answer by Moriah has a good start where it defines the term reinforcement as defined in the textbook. She goes ahead and explains how we can apply this in real life as teacher. This gives us a good base as it helps us in understanding what reinforcers are and how we can make use of them. According to Burden, (2010), there is a difference between reinforcers and incentives. An incentive is a promise to do something in case the other person achieves a set target. This second answer offers an explanation, which helps us to understand the difference between an incentive and reinforcement. This second answer also offers a list of the ten samples of reinforcers in a classroom. All the samples are reinforcers and this is a clear indication that the author of the article fully understands the difference between reinforcement and incentives. However, even though the author of the article has offered a good explanation of the term reinforcement, she fails to give the characteristics of effective reinforcers, which would assist in better understanding. References Burden, R. (2010). Classroom Management: Creating a Successful K-12 Learning Community. Hoboken, NJ: John Wiley Sons, Inc. How to cite The definition of Reinforcement, Papers

Close Reading on the Sun Also Rises free essay sample

Except when Jake and Bill went on their fishing trip, drinking is always excessive, and most characters enjoy getting drunk. In general, excessive drinking provides a way of escaping the reality for these characters. Being drunk allows them to avoid thinking about their problems and, ultimately, confronting them. For example, drinking could help Jake not thinking about his impotence, and the fact that he would never be with Brett. Drinking could prevent Brett from the thinking of herself as a slut, and the thinking that her life was aimless and miserable. In Mike’s case, getting drunk becomes an excuse for him to express his true feelings (usually his resentment on Cohn and his insecurity about the engagement with Brett). Under Hemingway’s description, the outcome of excessive drinking is always bad, like Mike’s rudeness and violence. Excessive drinking always makes Jake and his friends have a worse emotional experience than they expected, such as the fight when Cohn beat Jake out. We will write a custom essay sample on Close Reading on the Sun Also Rises or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Some drinking scenes in the previous chapters are different from this one. These differences are subtle but crucial in the development of the content. In the beginning chapters (Book I), Hemingway implies that Jake’s routine life contains lots of drinking. A common day of his would have following activities – wake up, work for a few hours, have lunch, drink, meet a friend, drink, go to cafe, drink, go to club, drink, go home, drink and sleep. Jake’s excessive drinking is due to his personality. Jake is a conservative character and narrator. He likes to hint at things rather than state them outright, especially when they come to the war or his impotence. It might because Jake felt ashamed with his injury, which he believes it made him less manly. So he got annoyed with people talking about it. At the same time, he loves Brett, but they could never be together because of his injury. This increases his resentment about his injury and other things related to it, such as his resentment to Robert Cohn. These repressed emotions were never talked frankly with anybody in the beginning of the novel, when all of them were in Paris. However, the drinking scene changed when Jake and Bill went fishing in Spanish countryside. On their way to Burggett, Bill and Jake were engaged in a conversation with some Basque peasants which involved drinking (p. 09 – p. 113). Drinking happened there was not excessive as it was in Paris. It is more of an accelerator helping people to start a conversation (p. 109). Similarly during their fishing, drinking also functioned as a healthy social factor that helped Jake and Bill to be more frank. They talked about a lot after they had some wine after fishing, even topics Jake would usually avoid. For exa mple, when Bill asked Jake about his feeling toward Brett, Jake directly told him he had loved Brett for a long time, and he was not bothered that Bill asked him (p. 128). They even talked about Jake’s religion. These conversations involved drinking are probably one of the most important factors that cause Jake’s mental development including his view about religion and his affection toward Brett. Compared to the previous two drinking scene, this passage in the final chapter shows Jake has reached a much more peaceful state to see Brett again. When Brett worries about him might be drinking too much, he replied that he is not getting drunk and he drinks wine because he likes it. This shows Jake does not treat drinking as a method to avoid his impotence and his twisted affection toward Brett, even though he might not like excessive drinking at all. He drinks because he likes it. He does things out of his heart. He is frank to himself now. This frankness could also be seen in the last sentence of this novel, where Jake said â€Å"‘Isn’t it pretty to think so? ’† when Brett still fancies that Jake and her would be together (p. 251). It shows Jake finally accepts the fact that he is impotent and he would never be with Brett, and not just be resentful about it like he was in the beginning of the novel. Together with the previous two drinking scenes, it is very clear to see the progress of Jake’s mental development. Brett is also acting different in this conversation compared to other conversations that involved drinking. Also in the very beginning of the novel, she drank excessively. She drank almost every time she showed up: She went to dancing, she drank. She got drunk and ran to Jake’s apartment; she still drank (p. 40). She sent a count to buy drinks when she went to Jake’s place the second time (p. 62). To Brett, drinking not only provided a way to escape the painful fact that she lost her true love in the war, but also acted as a social function in which she could flirt with the men and pick up her â€Å"dates†. Sometimes these â€Å"dates† would even offer her lots of money (p. 41). In this case, drinking even means make money. However, in this dialogue, Brett is seriously advising Jake not to get drunk. She repeats â€Å"‘Don’t get drunk’† three times to show her sincerity and her concern about Jake. It shows that Brett is having a big change of her attitude toward Jake. Brett seems to become more accepted toward Jake’s love. Maybe because, she just realizes the differences between Jake and other guys (she could be frank with Jake, but not with other guys), and wants to cherish the true love between her and Jake. This is also coherent with Brett’s intimate behavior (â€Å"We sat close against each other† p. 251) in the last part when Jake and Brett sat in the cab wandering around Madrid. Brett’s mental development is probably due to her affair with Romero. She gives up this relationship because she realizes she could not change herself to be a traditional woman that Romero likes. She then starts to cherish those men who can really love who she is, and Jake stands out of those men with his self-sacrifice-like action to help Brett to get Romero. However in this conversation and the rest content in this chapter, her final realization is less profound compared to Jake. There is another thing about this conversation that has an important correlation with previous chapters. In this conversation, Jake suggests to take a taxi and ride through Madrid. Yet, a similar situation occurred in the beginning chapters of this novel when Jake first met Brett in a dancing-club. That time, Jake took Brett outside of the dancing-club, and Brett was the one to suggest that they â€Å"‘drive around’†. The interaction between Jake and Brett was also quite the opposite with the drive-around in Madrid. In the Paris taxi-drive, Jake tried to hug Brett, but Brett refused him. Yet, in this conversation and its following context, Brett wanted to hug Jake first, but Jake was acting out some sense of rejection with the words â€Å"I settled back,† (p. 251). The different reactions between Jake and Brett in this scene are also a representation of their different mental statements, where Brett became more accepting of Jake’s love, while Jake became more accepting of the fact he would never be with Brett.